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Previous Chapter 2 Developing a Research Proposal

p. 62: #1 (Give examples of research situations involving legal, ethical, or human relations issues, and describe how such issues can be handled effectively.) __(e.g., When is deception justified?)__

Examples on pages 63 & 64

-Researcher collects data on student personality characteristics and shares these data with the students' teacher. This negatively impacts the teacher's interactions with students. Possible solution - Researcher can wait and share the information after the close of the school year.

-Researcher sends a bilingual research assistant into a Chicano community to gather information on how schools can help families meet the needs of their children. Many of the families were illegal aliens and thought the researchers were working with U.S. Immigration. Thus, they avoided the researchers, ruining the random sample design. Possible solution - Researchers could connect with one or two people linked to the community and respected by members of the community. This person(s) could assist in the collect of data.

#4 (Describe the procedures that should be included in a proposal for a research study to ensure that particular are protected from harm.)

pages 66-67

All studies must be approved by an ∫institutional review board (IRB)∫, affiliated with the institution charged with determining if a research proposal complies with "institutional regulations, professional standards of conduct and practice, and most critically the human-subjects provisions." This is to ensure that study participants are protected from harm.

page 68

Figure 3.2 Criteria for IRB Approval (summary)

risk-benefit ratio

equitable selection of subjects

informed consent

protection of privacy

protection of rights

#6 (Describe two approaches for debriefing participants following research that involves deception)

pages 76-77

Deception - "is the act of creating a false impression in the minds of research participants through such procedures as withholding information, establishing false intimacy, telling lies, or using accomplices."

1. Dehoxing - convincing everyone who was deceived during a research study that they were in fact deceived

2. Desensitization - (when dehoxing is not enough) process of convincing participants of the deception and thus removing its undesirable effect

- "suggest the participants' behavior resulted from circumstances of the experiment and was not due to defects in their character or personality"

- "point out that the participants' behavior is not abnormal or unusual"

SELF-CHECK TEST QUESTION

In experiments in which subjects have been deceived, what is hte ethical responsibility of the investigator?

A. Inform subjects before the study that the experiment involves deception, but do not identify what the deception is

B. At the end of the study, give subjects a written sheet that states that the study involved deception but does not decribe the specific deception

C. Inform subjects in writing at the endof the study of the specific nature of the deception

D. Personally inform subjects of the deception at the end of the study or carry out demonstrations in order to convince subjects that they were deceived

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